On the pop-up that appears, select your backup storage. Run Proxmox Backup. Apr 4, 2023 · Alternatively, you can use the commandline tool [1]. Feb 15, 2023 · Open the Proxmox VE Admin web interface by navigating to URL https://proxmox-ve-ip-address:8006 from your web browser. The Some guests are not covered by any backup job message on the backup page gives you a hint that certain Best. Only changes since the previous sync get transferred. I would like to ask for your help in the following. 3. Proxmox, however, is saved full VM every time. We backup to a Synology NAS via CIFS and that works very well, something to consider. Most of the time the recommendation is the opposite. 0 on, there are no more default values. Besides the Veeam Backup Server and at least a Backup Repository, Veeam Backup for Proxmox will utilize workers. antikotah. It covers the installation, configuration, options, and examples of the command. g. We can use it as a solution to back up and restore virtual machines, containers and physical hosts. Server Installation. This will trigger Proxmox VE to transfer the backup of the selected VMs to a remote storage location. It is specially optimized for the Proxmox Virtual Environment platform and allows you to backup and replicate your data securely. Then in your virtual machine's Hardware settings add a CD/DVD Drive (if there's not one already there # cd proxmox-backup; sudo mk-build-deps -ir Note: 2. com. The qmrestore command is used to restore QemuServer vzdump Backups. zst destination/dir Restoring a Proxmox Backup Dec 12, 2023 · I named mine "backup". our goal is to use the cubbit service (S3 Mar 9, 2021 · Mar 18, 2022. Aug 27, 2019 · The Proxmox community has been around for many years and offers help and support for Proxmox VE, Proxmox Backup Server, and Proxmox Mail Gateway. Proxmox Backup Server is an enterprise backup solution for backing up and restoring VMs, containers, and physical hosts. Access Proxmox VE Dashboard. Click "Yes" to start the backup task. Proxmox Backup Server is available now as free open-source software. Learn how to protect your virtual machines, containers, and files with Proxmox Backup Client. Subscription period is one year from purchase time. Click on Datacenter from the left navigation pane. The Proxmox Backup Server subscription model is based on the number of servers including unlimited backup storage and unlimited backup-clients. # pvesm add pbs store2 --server localhost --datastore store2. So I hope somebody can answer a couple of my questions. As it is now, I cannot see my Proxmox server in my list of network devices on my dhcp server. Try BDRSuite's Proxmox backup solution for free! With Proxmox Backup Server, you can constrain network traffic for clients within specified networks using a token bucket filter (TBF). It provides easy management with a command line and web-based user Jan 26, 2023 · Proxmox allows you to schedule backup jobs where you can back up selected or all VMs on all nodes. Proxmox Backup Server is free and open-source software, published under the GNU AGPL, v3 Dec 8, 2023 · PVE2IP is to be replaced with actual IP address of destination Proxmox server; We’re copying the backup to the /var/lib/vz/dump/ in the destination server; Restoring VM from Backup archive on Proxmox Server. com/course/proxmox-virtualization-environment-complete-training/?referralCode=8E7EAFD11C2389F89C11Recommended ha See full list on dannyda. By supporting incremental, fully deduplicated backups, Proxmox Backup Server significantly reduces network load and saves valuable storage space. Jun 4, 2019 · hello community, First of all, I apologize for my English. Check out the full documentation of the upgrade 2 days ago · The Proxmox community has been around for many years and offers help and support for Proxmox VE, Proxmox Backup Server, and Proxmox Mail Gateway. We think our community is one of the best thanks to people like you! Jul 27, 2017 · Ja, /etc sollte im normalfall reichen. xxxx. Version 2. But, if it solves our Backup demands, one has probably to bite the bullet Proxmox Backup Server (short Proxmox BS) is an open-source backup software project supporting virtual machines, containers, and physical hosts. 81. Dec 3, 2023 · The Proxmox community has been around for many years and offers help and support for Proxmox VE, Proxmox Backup Server, and Proxmox Mail Gateway. may be skipped if you already added the PVE or PBS package repository You are now able to build using the Makefile or cargo itself, e. 14 GB Oct 22, 2023 · We’ll then be able to backup Proxmox to a Synology NAS. htmlLink to Putty for SSH:https:// pmt ¶. The open-source solution supports incremental backups, deduplication, Zstandard compression, and authenticated encryption. VAT will be added, if applicable. This allows for simple, out-of-the-box management of your server, either through the command line or a standard web browser. Proxmox Backup Server is an enterprise-class client-server backup software that backups virtual machines, containers, and physical hosts. This allows you to avoid network congestion and prioritize traffic from certain hosts. May 12, 2023 · Proxmox incremental Backup. You can configure remotes in the web interface, under Configuration -> Remotes . 2. So you can use that to backup the whole system disk or just some config file folders. I recently purchased veeam backup and would like to backup my proxmox backup server. Confirm the ID for the drive (as previously configured). 2 ISO Installer . The format is: <archive-name>. Install Proxmox Backup Server on Debian. Proxmox Backup Admin Guide 3. 4 LTS. With that backup, you can restore most everything in Proxmox. In five minutes you'll be creating your first virtual machines and containers. Just double click on it to view the verbose output. For now you mount it anywhere, e. In short, the rule states that one should create 3 backups on at least 2 different types of storage media, of which 1 copy is kept off-site. Jan 17, 2022 · I installed Proxmox on 3 new server and all the procedure from the iso went ok. Dec 4, 2023 · Proxmox Backup Server (PBS) is a free solution based on the Debian operating system from Proxmox for backing up Proxmox VE virtual machines and container instances. fidx index: The same command can be used to inspect . And the Synology forwards it to the cloud. With the bare-metal installation, you'll get a complete operating system I‘d like to have your opinion or some reference to howtos or manuals about how to backup/restore Proxmox VE Host. ago. 2) Proxmox Backup Server in LXC container backed up by Proxmox VE schedule on NFS share. To swap the disk I do this: Code: # pvesm set backup -disable 1. Apr 25, 2024 · Proxmox Backup Server 3. e. Check out which /dev/sddX partition one is bigger and has a filesystem on it, that's the one Apr 15, 2021 · UdoB said: When you create a backup task via "Server View" --> "Datacenter" --> "Backup" --> "Create: Backup Job" you can select which VMs shall be included. My PVE is installed on two mirrored SSDs (RAID1). In the Export drop-down menu, the location of your Proxmox folder should automatically appear. Enter the username and its password to access Proxmox VE dashboard. Give your backup job a name (e. To schedule a backup job, follow these steps: Click the Datacenter node on the top, select the Backup option, and then click the Add button. Click the Add button and select the Directory option. Install Proxmox Backup Server using the Installer. Proxmox Backup Server is licensed under the GNU AGPLv3 and is free to download and use. Auf dem NUC ist Proxmox installiert. Hi, The other backup targets in Proxmox VE are simply storage devices, and as a result, can only support full backups, i. Enter the username as root@pam, the root user’s password, then enter the datastore name that we created earlier. In this example, we are saving the configuration backup files to a Synology NAS. <type>:<source-path>. Proxmox Backup Server. --drive <name>. The workers transfer the VM data from the Proxmox VE host to the backup repository; similar to the workers in Proxmox Backup Server is a custom Linux distro that you can run on your server to have it serve as a backup endpoint. The fingerprint of the Proxmox Backup Server API TLS certificate. We’ll start with nothing and end up with a fully functional Proxmox Backup Server Jan 16, 2024 · The use of command line tools is an efficient method when implementing file-level backups of Proxmox host configuration files. So it was never meant to run on HDDs or remote filesystems (but atleast here NFS and HDDs run fine but slow). Since community. File Size 2. 1 Check Status of Services. 7. Oct 24, 2023 · 2. In addition, it ships variants of the GRUB bootloader, MOK utilities and kernel images signed by Proxmox and trusted by the shim bootloader. Last Updated May 06, 2024. A remote refers to a separate Proxmox Backup Server installation and a user on that installation, from which you can sync datastores to a local datastore with a Sync Job. Microsoft’s currently supported version of Edge. com/linux-backup-download. Hi, In Proxmox Docu it stands that backups are made incremental. We think our community is one of the best thanks to people like you! Jun 13, 2011 · I'm new to Proxmox Backup Server and I'm really having a hard time understanding backup retention. Und ja, mit dem proxmox-backup-client kann man wunderbar die PVE Konfigs etc sichern. Proxmox Backup Server provides tools for storing extra copies of backups in remote locations and on various types of media. Proxmox Backup Server is an enterprise backup solution, for backing up and restoring VMs, containers, and physical hosts. Installasi dan Konfigurasi Untuk instalasi bisa melalui 2 cara yaitu dengan menggunakan ISO dan Install Via CLI (Debian) We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. That is not true. Jan 2, 2020 · Ich habe ein Intel NUC als Smarthome-Server am Laufen. Wenn du aber das ganze PVE System sichern willst solltest du lieber Debian auf einem USB Stick oder so installieren und dort dann das proxmox-backup-client Package hinzufügen. : Supported web browsers for accessing the web interface. Jan 25, 2021 · Feb 3, 2021. 14 GB. At the NFS screen, create an ID, then enter the IP Address of your Synology NAS server. Proxmox Backup Server now ships a shim bootloader signed by a CA trusted by most hardware's UEFI implementation. The backup datastore is mounted (CIFS) on a QNAP-NAS. Use drive from Proxmox Backup Server configuration. Seems that the setup process creates a static IP address for the machine. Of course, Proxmox Backup Server is not exactly a third-party solution in the context of Proxmox VE, since it is distributed using the official Proxmox website in the first place. It provides easy management with a command line and web-based user Jul 5, 2024 · The Proxmox integration itself will be enabled with an additional plug-in, which is installed on the Veeam Backup Server. B. Version 3. Command line tools such as “cp”, “tar”, and “rsync” provide flexibility and customization, allowing users to selectively back up specific directories and files without having to copy the entire system. So click ‘ Backup ‘. 11. 1. 1 Update Debian Base Repositories to Bookworm. 06 MB Looking for the best option to backup my actual Proxmox host. Container backed up to this storage should be then encrypted by default, VMs too but, IIRC, there maybe something missing. So you mount that usb drive on that other server and then you share that directory with samba over the network. It only happens when I do "stop" mode backup while the VM is running. 3 Following the Proxmox Backup Server upgrade. The next step is to prepare the virtual machine backup. It provides secure Proxmox Backup Server storage and data management features. If I try from ssh console to connect Proxmox Backup Server is an enterprise backup solution, for backing up and restoring VMs, containers, and physical hosts. 2-3). ext>:<path>. You need to define a new storage with type 'pbs' on your Proxmox VE node. Sep 9, 2021. To access the web-based user interface of the Proxmox Backup server, you need one of the following browsers: Firefox, a release from the current year, or the latest Extended Support Release. Dec 15, 2023 · or Full Course Join Here : https://www. I think the consensus from other posts is essentially that you just backup your entire /etc/ folder and any other custom configuration / software you did on the host itself outside of Proxmox proper. But you can use the proxmox-backup-client to backup any file/folder/block device you want. However, you may need to use advanced backup/recovery features such as direct backup to the cloud, application-aware backup, flexible scheduling and retention, immutability, granular recovery, etc. Parameters Jan 19, 2020 · chotaire said: Yes that is a very bad idea. We think our community is one of the best thanks to people like you! Dec 11, 2022 · Just wanted to share my experience with installing Promox Backup Server as a VM in Unraid as I encountered some problems that I wasn't able to find any answers on the internet. 52GB. But I would like to have an actual backup of my PVE just like VMs. Jan 18, 2020 · shop. 4 Check Result & Reboot Into Updated Kernel. . general 4. You can manage the traffic controls either via the web-interface or using the traffic-control commands of the proxmox-backup May 14, 2024 · Now, Veeam is excited to announce its upcoming support for Proxmox VE, adding yet another robust platform to its extensive ecosystem. as you already know which block device the data is one you just need to find out which sub-partition is required, the following command should help: lsblk -o +FSTYPE,UUID /dev/sdd*. However, Proxmox Backup Server is an optional backup solution that can be installed on a Proxmox environment to perform backup and restore To access the backup file, SSH into your Proxmox server as so : ssh [email protected] The backup is stored in the following directory and will be in . But you then of cause need to know what to back up and how to use the client in CLI. To my question: If the storage of the Proxmox node (running the virtual PBS-server) gets broken, I need to reinstall PBS on a new node and add the existing backup datastore (of the old PBS-server) to that new Proxmox Dec 28, 2019 · As it also supports native KVM systems, it looks like a suitable solution to work with Proxmox too, although it looks like it has to be installed directly on the PVE host, which we usually try to keep as clean as possible. If you set up a new Proxmox VE server and want to restore backed-up VMs and CTs, add the PBS the way you did on the first, now dead, machine; in the web interface of your new Proxmox VE, go to Datacenter->Storage-> add-> Proxmox Backup Server. 2 Optional: Disable Maintenance Mode Again. Using PBS helps protect your critical data from accidental deletion, corruption, ransomware, or other Remote synchronization. Install Proxmox Backup Server Unattended. PBS was designed with local SSDs as storage in mind because it needs a high IOPS performance and isn't doing sequential IO. It integrates quickly and easily with P Jun 28, 2023 · Proxmox Backup Server 3. Veeam’s innovation in the field of data management Jun 4, 2024 · Proxmox Backup Server. Proxmox backup is a process of copying and restoring VMs & containers running on the Proxmox Virtual Environment (VE). At Rsync, you can use -u to make incremental backup. com Apr 25, 2024 · Improved management of Proxmox Backup Server machines. 5. Proxmox Backup Test Repository. #2. Apr 13, 2024 · When setting up Proxmox (for the first time), it asked about my IP address which I provided (e. On the computers screen press ‘Add’ --> 'Individual Computer' and enter your Proxmox host, and the credentials we created earlier: 5. 4-1. Apr 10, 2022 · To backup your Proxmox host, you will need to first create a backup file. Required for self-signed certificates or any other one where the host does not trusts the servers CA. Repository Access Behind HTTP Proxy. Darunter habe ich dann mehrere Server als VM laufen. • 2 yr. Personally I do backup of pools. All commands support the following parameters to specify the tape device: --device <path>. Jun 20, 2020 · Jul 14, 2020. You will see the backup progress in the "Tasks" section at the bottom of the Proxmox web UI. x . We think our community is one of the best thanks to people like you! Main Page. 2-1. Proxmox VM Backup. Below is the usage help page. B. Jan 28, 2024 · Proxmox backup server is a free and open source, enterprise-level backup solution. Also it is not consistent: the VM might boot normally after the backup. Where I can do a restore and be back up and running fairly quickly. 0. Nov 4, 2020 · The Proxmox community has been around for many years and offers help and support for Proxmox VE, Proxmox Backup Server, and Proxmox Mail Gateway. Select Add then NFS. udemy. Mar 5, 2020. Kannst du z. Dec 18, 2023 · In general pbs does not offer file level backups, nor direct RClone integration, but VM backups and LXC Container Backups, therefore i'd run RClone in a VM on PVE, where the backups of the cubbit DS3 bucket are stored and then backup the VM to PBS. In Proxmox Backup, this works through the use of Remotes and Sync Jobs. Get Started. Aug 6, 2022 · Der sollte schon vorinstalliert sein. Apr 29, 2022 · To fix this, I have to reboot the host. com/Link to Veeam Agent for Linux:https://www. Now facing the second time Proxmox installation suddenly broke, no way to recover it but a complete reinstall. #pvesm set backup -disable 0. 2 Add the Proxmox Backup Server 3 Package Repository. Von jeder VM habe ich auch zusätzlich noch einen Clone erstellt, damit ich bei Bedarf schnell und einfach meinen Server wiederherstellen kann. Proxmox Backup Server Datasheet . Click on Storage from the right side. , upon every backup, a full copy of the VM must be created and stored. 4 days ago · Allows you to create/delete/stop instances in Proxmox VE cluster. PBS team has "backup for Proxmox hosts" in their road map by the way, so this approach must be close to the view Proxmox developers themselves have on the problem. 1) When are full backups performed When I configure a backup for a server I just configure a backup. Under Backup File, enter a name for your backup file and then click the Create button. Feb 17, 2023 · Type the following command to mount the drive and make it visible to the Proxmox server and press Enter: mount -a. Nov 30, 2023 · Select Datacenter, Storage, then Add. Best would be to have a local PBS server using SSDs and a second offsite PBS server and then Mar 14, 2024 · Hit the VM > Backup > Backup now > choose the remote storage previously set up (Remote-backup) in the Storage > click Backup. encryption-key A key to encrypt the backup data from the client side. The USB drive will be auto-mounted when PVE does its disk checks, takes a minute or so. proxmoxer. The source code of Proxmox VE is licensed under the GNU AGPLv3 and free to download and use. Download. Without the --decode parameter, just the size and the encryption type, if any, are printed. 4 ISO Installer . img for block device images. Ansonsten kannst du auch gelegendlich bei einer geplanten Wartung mal in ein Clonezilla booten und dann ein blocklevel Backup der ganzen Boot/System-Disks machen und das in ein Image speichern. pxar for file archives and . The downloadable ISO image can be used on bare-metal systems via the installation wizard. It's easy to start: Just download the ISO image and install Proxmox VE on your hardware. I configured cluster and tested it, all work like a charm. [4] Proxmox Backup Server 2. Feb 18, 2022 · Veeam login/create account:https://www. # umount /mnt/backup. 01 KB. I understand that the backups are always incremental. Chrome, a release from the current year. PBS is a dedicated backup solution and thus, comes with many extra features that provide a significantly better experience. Proxmox Backup Server is an enterprise-class, client-server backup solution that is capable of backing up virtual machine s, container s, and physical hosts. 2 days ago · The Proxmox community has been around for many years and offers help and support for Proxmox VE, Proxmox Backup Server, and Proxmox Mail Gateway. Very strange that there are build-in options to backup and replicate VM's, LXC, etc, but not the Proxmox host. What Mar 18, 2024 · Proxmox comes with Proxmox Backup Server, a native tool to back up virtual machines. My setup is a baremetal Unraid 6. File Size 100. 6. Last Updated April 25, 2024. Proxmox Backup Client-only Repository. In this step by step tutorial, we install and configure Proxmox Backup Server (PBS) and back up all of our virtual machines. Sep 15, 2020 · I'd then rather suggest installing Proxmox Backup Server and Proxmox VE along side on the same host, without CT or VM separation. But given enough backup attempts, it will eventually fail. It accepts the following values: Proxmox Backup Server support backup secara incremental dan deduplicated backup dimana ukuran storage akan di optimasi dan file yang sama tidak akan di backup 2 kali. Sep 17, 2023 · Safeguarding your server’s configuration is essential, and in this guide, we’ll show you how to create backups of Proxmox configuration files and restore them when needed. It is specially optimized for the Proxmox Virtual Environment platform and allows you to back up your data securely, even between remote sites, providing easy management through a web The backup command takes a list of backup specifications, which include the archive name on the server, the type of the archive, and the archive source at the client. 0 Availability. Now we should add the Proxmox Backup Server as a remote storage in Proxmox VE. 06 MB Jan 18, 2020 · The Proxmox community has been around for many years and offers help and support for Proxmox VE, Proxmox Backup Server, and Proxmox Mail Gateway. Secure Boot support. Jun 1, 2019 · There is no easy way to backup a PVE/PBS host yet. 5, another baremetal Proxmox VE, with a HP Aruba Instant On 1930 8G 2SFP Switch Jul 3, 2024 · Proxmox Backup No-Subscription Repository. Hi, you can create a autogenerated key for a storage using: pvesm set <storage-id> --encryption-key autogen if you use a recent enough libpve-storage-perl package (>= 6. To access and download the centralized software stack, visit the official Proxmox downloads page. Step3. requests. With strong encryption and methods of ensuring data integrity, you can feel Proxmox Backup Client Usage is a comprehensive guide on how to use the proxmoxbackupclient command to backup and restore data from Proxmox Backup Server. auch per cron + proxmox-backup-client regelmäßig auf dein PBS sichern. After a successful backup, you will see the message Task OK at the end of the output. Now, after a reboot I cannot access to web interface from any server: login to ssh its ok but from web interface (tested in many browser) always return connection refued. --- switch disk ---. Apr 24, 2024 · Proxmox Backup Server 3. Hello, my PBS-server runs in a VM on a Proxmox VE node. Of course you need to do this for each and every single VM if you want independent schedules or options. The following example uses store2 as the storage's name, and assumes the server address is localhost and you want to connect as user1@pbs. So if one drive craps out, technically I should be ok by just replacing the failed drive. Requirements The below requirements are needed on the host that executes this module. 3) Proxmox VMs and CTs (apart from PBS) backed up to PBS that saves the data to /mnt Jan 17, 2024 · Step 2: Create Proxmox VM Backup. Select Proxmox Backup Server from the dropdown menu. See also Apple iCloudBackup Macbook. Jul 30, 2021 · 21. blob files. The backup server comes stocked with all the essential management tools you need, as well as an easy-to-use, web-based interface. 3 Upgrade the System. zst format. For example, to get a list of the referenced chunks of a . You can then scp the file to your desired location: cd /var/lib/vz/dump scp vzdump-qemu-100. File Size 822. Feb 1, 2024 · To create a backup, we use the Proxmox backup client “backup” command, which requires the following syntax: proxmox-backup-client backup {<backupspec>} [OPTIONS] Where <backupspec> is the list of sources to backup in the form: <label. 3. To do this, open the Proxmox web interface and navigate to the Backup tab. Main Page. Do not use real domain names ever, you will just be flooding authoritative nameservers with useless requests or the host will even try to start sending cron emails to that domain and so on and so on. May 17, 2023 · Such a backup tends to be around 2 GB and, considering the deduplication PBS provides, subsequent backups will consume far less additional space, so this is not a concern. Enter in the ID you’d like to use and set the server as the IP address of the Proxmox Backup Server instance. Make sure to mark it as a mount point. Proxmox Backup Server enables you to pull or synchronize datastores to other locations for redundancy. #1. SHA256SUM Jul 25, 2020 · Proxmox Backup Server is an enterprise-class client-server backup software that backs up virtual machines, containers, and physical hosts. xxx. #3. 6 Feb 2, 2021 · 373. The Bare-metal server is based on the Debian Linux distribution, with some extended features, such as out-of-the-box ZFS support and Linux kernel 5. The backup process will now start and will take some time to complete. Dec 1, 2022. You can get it in the Servers Dashboard or using the proxmox-backup-manager cert info command. Add a Comment. We think our community is one of the best thanks to people like you! The proxmox-backup-debug command-line tool can be used to inspect such files and recover their contents. The module automatically detects containerization type (lxc for PVE 4, openvz for older). All prices are net prices. We think our community is one of the best thanks to people like you! May 3, 2018 · In VBR create a new backup job (pick Linux Computer) 2. Mar 30, 2020 · Agree, Comporder1. File Size 1. 15). In our case, we have a secondary hard drive labeled ‘ backup ‘ with a capacity of 52. Any idea on how to diagnose this? This does not occur if I manually reboot the VM. Commands which generate output support the --output-format parameter. HI, I'm sorry, probably my english is not very clear. Using the Proxmox VE Command Line ¶. Jul 21, 2012 · If you want to enable this on another server, maybe just create a share with credentials with Samba. It is implemented as a dedicated Linux distribution based on Debian, and supports essential features like deduplication and encryption. Select Datacenter then Storage. Common types are . I have a cluster with 10 nodes and I am backing them up with proxmox backup server. With Veeam’s support, businesses using Proxmox VE will soon be able to leverage Veeam’s powerful backup solutions for comprehensive data protection. Here, if the host boot really fails, you could always just use a PBS ISO + a USB drive and install it there to get a running backup server with all your data (provided that was on another storage than the OS) again up and running. 2. Select ‘Volume level backup’ and press Next. This is an efficient method to synchronize data to offsite locations. ‘Backup Proxmox01 LVM-THIN01’) 4. veeam. Then head over and click the ‘ Backup now ‘ tab. proxmox. . 28. Hello everyone, I want to migrate an entire virtual machine from one Proxmox VE server to another On the server where the virtual machine is located, I execute the command vzdump 106 --dumpdir /root --mode stop after using scp I am transferring this image to a server where I want to deploy a copy of this virtual machine scp Jun 3, 2020 · A simple way to copy files from a physical machine to a virtual machine in Proxmox without having to setup shares or anything else is to create an ISO of the files using something like AnyToISO and upload to the Proxmox ISO store (ISO Images). Path to the Linux tape device. My setup: 1) Proxmox VE installed on Intel NUC on nvme0. By setting up a remote Proxmox Backup Server, you can take advantage of the Jun 17, 2022 · Select a backup job and click "Run now" button to create backup of your containers and VMs immediately. Backup Proxmox Configuration Files SSH into Proxmox Server Proxmox Backup Server 2. How can I only create backup from changed data or only make the changes backup and not full bacup also incremental Backup. qp mg zp us gf sw or ln do ji